Tuesday, December 8, 2015

German exports drop in October

Weakening but not faltering. German exports dropped by 1.2% MoM in October, from +2.6% in September. As imports dropped by 3.4% MoM, the seasonally-adjusted trade balance actually improved to 20.7 bn euro, from 19.2 bn euro in September. In our view, the October drop in exports is a technical correction after strong September data, rather than a structural shift. Honestly, it is also very hard to attribute this drop to the Volkswagen emission scandal. Despite the negative contribution of net exports to German GDP growth in the third quarter, the export sector remains an important growth driver. Since 2009, net exports have contributed 0.1 pp to quarterly GDP growth; or one third of GDP growth every single quarter. This success story is not only the result of excellent quality and product specialization of German exporters, but also of a wide range of export destinations and recently the weak euro. In fact, a closer look at German export destinations shows that during the first nine months of the year, exports to China were down by 2.5% compared with last year’s period, showing the negative impact from the ongoing slowdown of the Chinese economy. At the same time, exports to Russia were slashed further, dropping another 28% on the back of sanctions. On the positive side, exports to the US surged by more than 20%, reflecting the direct impact of the euro weakening. Moreover, exports to the UK (+14%) and Eastern European countries (+9%) compensated for weaker demand from China. Turning to Eurozone export partners, exports benefitted from the recoveries in both Spain (+14%) and the Netherlands (+9%), while exports to France remained sluggish (+3%). As a consequence, the US has become Germany’s biggest trading partner and for the first time in years should end the year on the number one spot, ahead of France. To some extent, the ECB’s QE programme and more specifically the weak euro have been an extremely well-targeted stimulus package for German exports. It nicely amplified export growth in the US and the UK, thereby offsetting the negative impact from slowing China. Not surprisingly, Germany is amongst the biggest beneficiaries of the weaker euro, seeing its exports to non-Eurozone countries growing at a faster rate than the rest of the Eurozone; except for Ireland. While German exports to non-Eurozone countries grew by more than 9% during the first nine months of the year, the Eurozone’s export increased by 6%. All in all, German exports have become an extremely mixed bag, always up for surprises and full of diverging trends. Due to too many economic slowdowns and geopolitical conflicts around the world, exports will continue having troubles gaining more momentum in the period ahead. However, as long as the monetary policy divergence on both sides of the Atlantic continues and the ECB continues with QE, exports should remain supportive to growth.

Column: De sterren voor 2016

Zelfspot is niet de meest opvallende karaktertrek van Duitsers. Zelfs na ruim een jaar weer in Duitsland te zijn, is de humorcultuurschok voor mij nog altijd wennen. Economen moeten hier het liefst ‘Herr Professor’ heten en bloedserieuze analyses voorstellen. Bij voorkeur zwaar aangezet, zoals ‘de vluchtelingen zijn de ondergang van Duitsland’ of ‘Mario Draghi rooft het spaargeld van alle Duitsers’. Dat heeft gewicht. Alleen is het jammer dat aan het eind van elk jaar blijkt dat ook humorloze humor geen garantie biedt voor trefzekere voorspellingen. Daarom nu mijn alternatieve poging om met on-Duitse humor een blik op het volgende jaar te wagen. Te beginnen met Griekenland. Door de aanhoudende politieke chaos, de uitblijvende groei en de volledige uitverkoop van het land kantelt de sfeer onder de Griekse bevolking. De Grieken willen definitief uit de eurozone. Alexis Tsipras wint ruimschoots het nieuwe referendum over de grexit. Deze keer houdt hij zijn verkiezingsbelofte. De Duitse bondskanselier Wolfgang Schäuble, na de zelfstandigheid van Beieren en de val van Merkel de nieuwe regeringsleider van een CDU/Groenen-coalitie, feliciteert Tsipras met de woorden: ‘Sie sind geschafft.’ Als 'wederopbouw Zuid' stuurt Schäuble nog het oude bestuur van Volkswagen en het organisatiecomité van het WK voetbal 2006 naar Griekenland. Ze moeten er bekijken of de Olympische Spelen niet permanent in Griekenland kunnen plaatsvinden en of ze geen milieuvriendelijke investeringen voor de Grieken kunnen binnenhalen. Op hetzelfde moment blijkt dat elke Chinees aan vier iPhonekopieën echt genoeg heeft en dat de consumptie instort. Waardoor de wereldeconomie in een recessie belandt. Na zijn verkiezingsoverwinning kondigt de nieuwe Amerikaanse president Donald Trump onmiddellijk een ongekend stimuleringspakket voor 2017 aan. In elke Amerikaanse stad, al is die nog zo klein, worden wolkenkrabbers en casino’s gebouwd. Trump overweegt ook om wolkenkrabbers uit Londen naar de VS te verhuizen, vanwege de enorme leegstand in de Londense kantoorgebouwen na de brexit. In het Midden-Oosten begint een valutaoorlog. Nadat de prijs van olie onder 20 dollar per vat is gedaald, geven de olie-exporterende landen de koppeling van hun eigen munt aan de dollar op. ECB-president Mario Draghi reageert onmiddellijk met QE3 en QE4. Tegelijkertijd publiceert Commissie-voorzitter Jean-Claude Juncker alweer een nieuw investeringsplan. Dit keer voor een Europees ruimtevaartprogramma. Als er eindelijk leven op andere planeten wordt ontdekt, kan dat de eurozone, door de nieuwe exportmarkt, eindelijk de broodnodige duw uit de recessie geven. Zoals de lezer wel merkt, heeft de aloude Duitse dijenkletshumor mij ook al aangestoken en neemt deze column het glazenbolkijken voor 2016 niet serieus. Echt, wie heeft er eind 2014 de grootste crisissen van 2015 voorspeld? Maar zoals bij elke goede grap zit er misschien toch een druppel waarheid in… Deze column verscheen vandaag in het Belgische dagblad "De Tijd".

Thursday, December 3, 2015

ECB gifts disappoint after unwrapping

Santa Mario did not turn into the Grinch, the Christmas monster. However, his long-awaited early Christmas afternoon left many market participants disappointed like small kids who receive less and smaller presents than expected on Christmas eve. At its long-awaited meeting, the ECB today cut the deposit rate to -0.3%, from -0.2%, while leaving all other interest rates unchanged. In addition, the ECB decided to extend the deadline of QE purchases to at least until March 2017, from earlier September 2016, and to introduce other measures, broadening the scope of the monthly purchases. For the first time in a long while, ECB president Draghi underachieved and delivered less than the market consensus had expected. As a result, the euro appreciated and bond yields increased immediately after the policy decision. So what exactly did the ECB decide? Basically five things: i) a 10bp cut in the deposit rate; ii) an extension of the formal deadline of monthly QE purchases to at least March 2017, from earlier September 2016; iii) reinvestments of the principal payments of the securities purchased “for as long as necessary”; iv) the inclusion of regional and local government bonds in the monthly purchases; and v) an extension of fixed-rate tender procedure and full allotment for refinancing operation until the end of 2017. What the ECB did not announce was a bigger cut of the deposit rate, a cut in the refi rate or an increase of the monthly asset purchases. The discrepancy between what the ECB did and did not announce raises the question of the ECB’s ratio behind it and the arguments. Looking at the ECB’s macro assessment, it looks as if almost unchanged growth and inflation forecasts as well as a positive assessment of the impact from QE up to now laid the grounds for the ECB’s rather reserved policy reaction. In more detail, ECB staff now expects GDP growth to come in at 1.7% next year (unchanged) and 1.9% (from 1.8% in September) in 2017 and inflation to accelerate to 1% (from 1.1% in September) next year and 1.6% (from 1.7%) in 2017. The underlying story is still the same one of a gradual recovery with downside risks to growth and inflation. According to Mario Draghi, all ECB measures taken so far have increased the inflation forecasts by 0.5 percentage points for 2016 and 0.3 percentage points for 2017. They also boosted GDP by 1 percentage point over the period 2015 to 2017. Moreover, the ECB’s decision to deliver only a very bare minimum of additional monetary stimulus indicates that the hawks at the ECB are stronger than many market participants had thought and that the ECB itself was surprised by the latest resilience of the Eurozone economy and the estimated positive impact of QE so far. Looking ahead, today’s decision still leaves all doors open for more monetary stimulus, in case the outlook for both growth and inflation were to worsen again. In the short term, however, it leaves the destiny of the euro exchange rate mainly in the hands of the Fed. For ECB watchers, today’s meeting was an important lesson not to take Draghi’s overachieving for granted. All in all, today’s ECB meeting, which was expected as an early Christmas present party, turned out to be a bit of a disappointment, maybe better matching the current Zeitgeist in the Eurozone: no copious and excessive gift party but more introvert modesty.